國立臺灣大學哲學論評

Abstract / PDF Download (Chinese)

The distinguishing feature of Chinese Buddhist ethics is its emphasis of mind-nature over the normativity of precepts. In this system, the ultimate aim of moral practice is achieved through eradicating mental defilements to reveal pure mind-nature – a proposition which is strongly held by Chan Buddhism and clearly revealed through verses in The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch: “With the tranquil mind, why labor to maintain the precepts? With practice direct, what use is it to cultivate dhyāna”; “For the mind-　ground to be without error is the precept of the self-nature.”
This paper uses The Platform Sutra as the theoretical background for probing the ethics on which Chan Buddhism built its foundations. First of all, I analyze the type of ethics that the content of the The Platform Sutra can be said to display from the perspective of the view on precepts and mind-nature and subsequently offer my opinion on the similarities between virtue ethics and the type of ethics displayed in The Platform Sutra. Next, I give consideration to whether The Platform Sutra can be classified as a type of consequentialism when viewed in terms of the Chan Buddhist notion of instant revelation, along with the ultimate Buddhist aim of liberation from suffering and the attainment of Buddhahood.
The outcome of this paper suggests that, The Platform Sutra offers a transcendental cognition aiming at Nirvā a and that its central theme of “non-abiding,” derived from the ethical perspective of this text which in turn is based upon both the theoretical journey of returning to mind-nature and a world view constructed around Dependent Origination and Impermanence. The theoretical journey that starts with “cognition” and culminates in “liberation” prompts an ethical pattern of autonomy, whereas the moral subject spontaneously perfects all virtues through the practical wisdom of proper conduct.
When considering the ethics of The Platform Sutra it would be prudent to conclude only the following: when seen purely from the aspect of theoretical similarity, the ethical pattern of The Platform Sutra can be said to be roughly analogous to virtue ethics and consequentialism, and perhaps even to deontology. However, when the intrinsic theory of The Platform Sutra is taken into account, it is evident that apart from theoretical similarity, the view of differentiation still needs to be incorporated into the ethical equation of this text.